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Basic medicine teaching is an important part of the medical student cultivation.Its contents are boring and complicated,and difficult to learn and remember.In the process of basic medicine teaching,educational researchers have been trying to combine a variety of teaching methods and apply them flexibly.They want to be able to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the students.However,it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory result because of the limited number of course hours.The micro-media are open,interactive and no time limit.Therefore,combining micro-media with a variety of teaching methods in the teaching processis expected to create a new teaching mode of basic medicine and achieve a good teaching result.
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This paper points out the experimental animal ethics education in pharmacology teaching and the im-portance of the experiment,it is good to raises the student good humanity accomplishment and scientific research quality, and promote medical research and life ethics of benign interaction.It also expounds the basic content of ex-perimental animal ethics education,including:animal welfare, the 3R principle, AAALAC accreditation and analy-sis of the experimental animal welfare legislation status, raises questions about animal ethics education problems and thinking in the pharmacology experiment teaching in ourschool.The experimental animal ethics education should become an important part of pharmacology experimental teaching, which enhanced the students′s ethical awareness to better understand and respect for life, and contribute to the sustainable development of medical and pharmaceutical research.
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To observe the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in brain after spared nerve injury (SNI) and compare the analgesic effects of COX inhibitors with different selectivity. Radioimmunoassay, RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to evaluate the change of brain COX expression at different time points( before SNI, 1 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 30 d and 60 d after SNI); By exploring hot plate test, we observed the reacting time of animals after injection of saline, NS-398, SC-560 and indomethacin at different time points. The results showed that: ( 1 ) The expression of brain COX-1 didn't increase significantly until 14 d after SNI, while that of COX-2 increased significantly and rapidly after SNI and reached peak at the time point of 1 d ( all P ＜0.05 ); (2) NS-398 showed significant analgesic effect on neuropathic pain after SNI at the early phase ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but didn't persist for over 30 d; ( 3 ) Indomethacin and SC-560 didn't show significant analgesic effects until 14 d. These results suggest that brain COX-1 is involved in the late phase of neuropathic pain and may play a role in the persistence of pain, while brain COX-2 is involved in the early phase of neuropathic pain and may play a role in the pain origination.
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AIM: To compare the expression of three cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms in the process of inflammatory pain and evaluate the analgesic effects of different protocols about usage of COX inhibitors on inflammatory pain. METHODS: Formalin was injected subplantarly to mice to induce inflammatory pain. The expression of COX-1, COX-2 and COX-3 was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR, respectively. For the analgesic effect assay, animals were divided into 5 groups including control, SC, NS, IN and NS + SC group. The former 4 spectively. In the NS + SC group, animals received NS398 during the first 1 month and SC-560 during the second month in the NS + SC group. RESULTS: The expression of COX-1 was higher at the late phase while that of COX-2 was higher at the early phase of inflammatory pain. The expression of COX-3 did not significantly change in the process of inflammatory pain. Additionally,behavioral assessment showed that using COX-2 inhibitors at the early phase followed by COX-1 inhibitors at the late phase could get better analgesic effect on inflammatory pain compared with single using COX-1 selective or COX-2 selective inhibitors. CONCLUSION: In brain, the expression of COX-2 increases rapidly in the inflammatory pain process while COX-1 expression does not increase till the late phase. Brain COX-3 is poorly involved in the inflammatory process. Combined use of COX-1 and COX-2 selective inhibitors may be a better protocol in inflammatory pain treatment.
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AIM: This study was using man-made dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol to prepare antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(AsON) anionic liposomes and to investigate the inhibitory effect of an antisense phosphothioate oligodeoxynucleotides(AS-ODNs) liposome targeting BlaR1 mRNA in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).METHODS: Designed and synthesized AS-ODNs by software.Prepare liposome by thin film-dispersion,lyophilized technique.The appearances of liposomes were observed by transmission electron microscope.The liposomes were purified by centrifuge.The encapsulation efficiencies and the leaking efficiencies were determined by UV methods.The release properties in vitro were determined by agitation in PBS.The total colony forming unit(CFU) was counted.The bacteria growth curve was drawn by microplate reader.RESULTS: The liposomes were in spherical shape with uniform size.The encapsulation efficiency was(77.38)% and the leaking efficiency was(0.18)% after 1 month in lyophilized condition.The liposomes released 60% drug after 24h when incubated in PBS with mild agitation.The AS-ODNs liposome could significantly inhibit the growth of MRSA compared with control group and those AS-ODNs didn't encapsulated in liposome.Liposome encapsulated different concentration AS-ODNs could significantly decrease the CFU of MRSA,which showed a concentration dependent manner(P